seems to support the intuitive response to the perceived violence of martial arts training and this has lead to many martial arts instructors experiencing difficulty in having martial arts training accepted in schools as part of the curriculum. Indeed, according to the research of Bandura, Ross & Ross (1961) in their famous Bobo doll study, martial arts training should actually increase aggressive behaviour because it aggression is supposed to be learned through the imitation of violent behaviour. This emphasis on the physical, combined with the movies and images of popular culture, has lead to a misconception of the realities of long term martial arts training and can create a perception in the uninitiated that martial arts promote violence and violent behaviour. This gives the impression that the only benefits are physical and that martial arts are 'rough'. Some add self-esteem, self-confidence, and improved social skills to the list of benefits.

Traditionally martial arts instructors tend to primarily advertise the physical benefits of martial arts: fitness coordination self-defence skills balance and so on. In my experience, these case studies represent the tip of the proverbial iceberg, as most of the psychosocial benefits of martial arts training are very subtle and not at all overt. The case studies where the student turned his or her life around and owed it all to their martial arts training. Most martial arts instructors who have been teaching for some time have at least one outstanding success story. The Psychosocial Benefits of Traditional Martial Arts Training: What Most Instructors Know but Can't Articulate. Is this a positive thing for the participants and society as a whole is the question posed by this article? A review of the literature has revealed overwhelming support for the positive aspects of traditional martial arts training and has reinforced the need for the traditional values and methodology to be maintained with the only negative results being from non-traditional schools. The martial arts industry is currently undergoing unprecedented growth and according to Dale & Ford (2001), Sport & Recreation Queensland (2000, 2000a) and Australian Bureau of Statistics (2002, 2002a, 2002b) the participation rate is ever increasing. In my experience, these case studies represent the tip of the proverbial iceberg. The Positive Benefits of Traditional Martial Arts Training: What Does Martial Arts Training Achieve for the Individual? Most martial arts instructors who have been teaching for some time have at least one outstanding success story and popular culture abounds with such stories and case studies where the student turned his or her life around and owed it all to their martial arts training.

A review of the literature has revealed overwhelming support for the positive aspects of traditional martial arts training and has reinforced the need for the traditional values and methodology to be maintained with the only negative results being from non-traditional schools. This article considers whether this is a positive thing for the participants and society as a whole. The martial arts industry is currently undergoing unprecedented growth and there is strong evidence that the participation rate is ever increasing. To develop a longitudinal study (for the years 1998-2014) a diagnostic survey questionnaire technique (N = 285) was included, but some of the data was collected by analysing the contents of various. Material for the study was obtained from sports CVs and by analysing the route taken to mastery by selected outstanding practitioners of martial arts (Instructors, Masters) and combat sports (Olympic athletes and champions). Particularly relevant here are the concepts of “long-term athlete development”, “the highest technical degree” and “budō ontogenesis”. Theories of sports training, the humanistic theory of martial arts and the anthropology of martial arts give us a scientific perspective for the research. What is the average time taken to achieve first master degree, to achieve the highest technical degree, and to achieve the highest rank of master (10 dan)? Background. The aim is to describe the route to mastery in martial arts and attempts to identify patterns.

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